Heijin

keep from doing

英 /kiːp frəm ˈduːɪŋ/美 /kiːp frəm ˈduːɪŋ/

v. 短语动词

阻止;避免;克制自己不做

含义详解

本义为“使…远离(某事)”,即通过某种手段或意志力,使某人或自己不去做某事。引申出两个主要义项:1)阻止、防止:主语为外部因素或他人,如“The rain kept us from going out.”(雨使我们无法外出。);2)克制、忍住:主语为自身,强调自我控制,如“I couldn't keep from laughing.”(我忍不住笑了。)。两者区别在于施动者不同,前者是外力,后者是内力。

词源解析

该短语由动词“keep”(古英语 cēpan,意为“抓住、持有”)和介词“from”(表示“远离”)及动名词构成。构词逻辑清晰:“keep”表示保持某种状态,“from”表示分离,合在一起即“保持与…分离”,引申为“避免”或“阻止”。记忆时可联想“keep”是“保持”,“from”是“离开”,保持离开某动作,即“不做”。

使用场景

该短语广泛用于日常口语、书面语及正式文体。在日常口语中,常表达“忍住不做”或“阻止”,如“I couldn't keep from eating the cake.”(我忍不住吃了蛋糕。)。在学术写作中,用于客观描述“防止”或“避免”,如“The experiment was designed to keep participants from knowing the true purpose.”(实验设计旨在防止参与者知道真实目的。)。在新闻报道和法律文本中,常用于“阻止”义,如“The new law aims to keep companies from polluting the environment.”(新法律旨在阻止公司污染环境。)。语气根据语境变化,口语中较随意,正式场合更显客观。

语法要点

该短语为及物动词短语,后接宾语,宾语后接“from doing”结构,其中“doing”为动名词。常见句型:主语 + keep + 宾语 + from + 动名词。注意:宾语可以是名词或代词,也可以是反身代词(如“keep myself from doing”)。易错点:1)不能省略“from”,不能说“keep doing”表示阻止(“keep doing”是“继续做”的意思);2)动名词前可加物主代词,如“keep him from his doing”不常见,一般直接用“keep him from doing”;3)“keep from”后接名词时,表示“远离某物”,如“keep from danger”。

近义辨析

近义词包括“prevent from”、“stop from”、“refrain from”、“avoid”。其中“prevent from”和“stop from”强调外力阻止,与“keep from”的“阻止”义相近,但“prevent”更正式,“stop”更口语化。“refrain from”指自我克制,与“keep from”的“克制”义相近,但“refrain”更正式,常用于书面语。“avoid”强调避免接触,不一定有外力或克制,如“avoid doing”是“避免做”,而“keep from doing”更强调保持距离。选择时,若强调外力,用“prevent/stop”;若强调自我控制,用“refrain/keep from”;若单纯避免,用“avoid”。

需要留意

该短语语域中性,口语和书面语皆可。一般情况下无褒贬色彩,但在正式语境中更显客观。常见误用:1)将“keep from”与“keep on”混淆,“keep on”表示“继续”;2)在“keep from”后误接动词原形,应接动名词;3)在否定句中,如“can't keep from”意为“忍不住”,注意与“can't help doing”同义,但“can't help”更口语化。

常用组合

keep someone from doing
阻止某人做某事
keep oneself from doing
克制自己不做某事
can't keep from doing
忍不住做某事
keep from crying
忍住不哭
keep from laughing
忍住不笑
keep from harm
远离伤害
keep from danger
远离危险

双语例句

The heavy rain kept us from going to the beach.大雨使我们无法去海滩。
I couldn't keep from smiling when I heard the news.听到这个消息,我忍不住笑了。
Please keep the children from playing near the busy road.请阻止孩子们在繁忙的马路边玩耍。
She kept herself from eating too much dessert during the diet.节食期间,她克制自己不吃太多甜点。
The new policy aims to keep companies from dumping waste into the river.新政策旨在防止公司向河里倾倒废物。
He found it hard to keep from arguing with his colleague.他发现很难忍住不和同事争吵。