Heijin

present difficulties

英 /ˈprɛznt ˌdɪfɪkəltiz/美 /ˈprɛznt ˌdɪfɪˈkʌltiz/

v. phrase 动词短语

造成困难;带来问题;呈现挑战

含义详解

本义为“呈现、展示困难”,即某事物本身显露出或带来难题。引申为“造成阻碍”或“使事情变得复杂”。义项间关系:从客观描述(呈现)到主观感受(造成麻烦)。具体包括:1)客观存在困难,如“实验数据呈现困难”;2)主观应对困难,如“新政策给公司带来困难”;3)抽象挑战,如“翻译古典文学呈现诸多困难”。

词源解析

present 源自拉丁语 praesentare(展示),difficulty 源自拉丁语 difficultas(困难),由 dis-(不)+ facilis(容易)构成。整体构词逻辑为“展示出不易之处”。记忆时可联想:present(呈现)+ difficulties(困难)= 把困难摆在眼前。

使用场景

学术写作中,常用于描述研究挑战,语气客观;商务邮件中,指业务问题,语气正式;新闻报道中,指事件引发的困难,语气中立;日常口语较少用,多用“cause problems”;法律文本中,指条款带来的法律障碍,语气严谨。

语法要点

及物动词短语,宾语为困难的具体内容。常见句型:主语 + present + difficulties + for/to + 对象。主语可为事物、情况或人。易错点:difficulties 常用复数,单数时用 difficulty;不可接 that 从句,但可接 in doing。

近义辨析

与“pose difficulties”相近,但“pose”更强调主动设置障碍;“create difficulties”强调产生困难;“cause problems”更口语化;“present challenges”更积极,强调挑战而非纯困难。选择时依据语境:正式书面用“present”,强调主动用“pose”,强调结果用“create”。

需要留意

语域偏正式,适用于书面和正式口语,日常对话中略显生硬。中性色彩,无褒贬。常见误用:与“present”的“展示”义混淆,误以为“present difficulties”是“展示困难”而非“造成困难”;或漏掉复数形式。

常用组合

present serious difficulties
造成严重困难
present technical difficulties
带来技术难题
present practical difficulties
造成实际困难
present difficulties for sb/sth
给某人/某物带来困难
present difficulties to sb/sth
向某人/某物呈现困难
present considerable difficulties
带来相当大的困难
present particular difficulties
带来特殊困难
present potential difficulties
带来潜在困难

双语例句

The new regulations present difficulties for small businesses.新法规给小企业带来了困难。
Translating this text presents significant difficulties due to its archaic language.由于语言古旧,翻译这篇文章带来了重大困难。
The project presented unexpected difficulties, but the team overcame them.项目出现了意想不到的困难,但团队克服了它们。
This approach presents fewer difficulties than the traditional method.这种方法比传统方法带来的困难要少。
The terrain presented difficulties for the hikers.地形给徒步者造成了困难。
Her speech presented difficulties for the interpreter.她的演讲给口译员带来了困难。